maple syrup urine disease

An organic acidemia that is caused by a deficiency of decarboxylase leading to high concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and characterized by an odor of maple syrup to the urine, vomitin

An organic acidemia that is caused by a deficiency of decarboxylase leading to high concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine in the blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid and characterized by an odor of maple syrup to the urine, vomiting, hypertonicity, severe mental retardation, seizures, and eventually death unless the condition is treated with dietary measures.

Signs and symptoms

• Ketoacidosis
• Dystonia
• Increased circulating pyruvate concentration
• Hypotonia
• Increased CSF leucine concentration
• Increased CSF isoleucine concentration
• Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration
• Increased CSF valine concentration
• Global developmental delay
• Encephalopathy

Also known as: Ketoacidaemia; branched chain ketoaciduria